Aroma modulation

What is wine aroma modulation?

But what are we talking about? For us, wine aroma modulation refers to winemaker measures taken to purposely adjust the aroma attributes of wine in order to achieve a desired sensory profile. In winemaking, this is achieved by a variety of processes and practices targeted at amplifying, harmonising, or masking distinct aromas in the final wine.

On this page, we will describe, in more detail, the aroma modulation linked to yeast nutrients.

  • Grape variety and origin: The regions and climates where grapes are grown influence the final aroma profiles.
  • Yeast and bacteria strains: The selection of yeast and bacteria strains may have a considerable impact on wine aroma and taste. We encourage you to read the section on yeast choice.
  • Fermentation temperature: Fermentation temperature may impact yeast metabolism and the synthesis of aroma molecules. Lower temperatures may delay fermentation and diminish the synthesis of some aroma compounds, while higher temperatures can speed up fermentation and increase the creation of others.
  • Oxygen exposure: Wine aroma is affected by oxidation during fermentation and ageing. Oxidation and spoilage result from too much oxygen, whereas too little oxygen limits yeast metabolism and flavour. Read about Aroma protection.
  • Barrel ageing: The barrel adds vanilla, toast, and spice flavours to wine. Its choice and contact time are important to create the desired effect.
  • Blending: Different wine lots may be blended to provide a more nuanced flavour.

Nutrient levels and types: Yeast needs certain nutrients for proper fermentation, such as sugars, nitrogen, vitamins, and minerals. Organic nitrogen sources and those other nutrients will also contribute to greater aroma production, and yeast autolysate is the best tool to properly manage the wine aroma profile in combination with yeast choice. We at Oenobrands have created a line of Natuferm products that focus on organic nutrition to improve the organoleptic quality of wines.

When you are looking for greater aroma production, the elements apart from nitrogen should be considered, as should the nutrients containing yeast autolysates. Continue reading to learn more.

How can you boost aroma production in white and rosé wines?

Many of our customers asked us for a product to enhance the aromas of white and rosé wines. Because the market for these wines is more competitive, they wanted to be able to produce high-quality wines with distinct, clean, and fresh aromas. Another important aspect of this request was the need for a yeast-based product. It is to meet this demand that we have created Natuferm Bright. 

We selected a specific autolysed yeast rich in free amino acids, which are precursors of esters and will stimulate the release of thiols from their precursors, and all the key elements that come with yeast autolysate, like vitamins, ergosterols, etc.

As a result, with Natuferm Bright, you can choose whether to concentrate on thiols and their release or boost ester production and thiol release. The first goal would require one addition of the product at yeast inoculation, and the second would be achieved with two additions, at yeast inoculation and after 1/3 of fermentation. 

Fermentation of Verdejo grapes (Vitec, Spain, 2018) with Natuferm Bright (40 g/hL) results in an increase in thiol content but a decrease in aroma associated with coffee and smoky notes.

How can you boost the fruit-forward profile of red wine?

Increasing the fruity character of red wine is a typical objective in winemaking, even when the wine is naturally fruity, since it improves the wine’s overall appeal. This may be accomplished by the strategic use of yeast autolysate.

Natuferm Fruity has been developed to target the increase in fruitiness and its preservation over time in red wines. The selected autolysed yeast in Natuferm Fruity presents a richness in amino acids, precursors of fermentative esters, and makes possible the preservation of PDMS (dimethyl sulphide potential), as it is less “consumed” by the yeast, plus the added benefit of the natural content of ergosterol, as this lipid is necessary for yeast in order to protect their membrane and ensure their capacity to intake nutrients such as amino acids.

Red wines fermented with Natuferm Fruity are richer in fruity aromas (esters and acetates), and the aromatic intensity is greater due to the reduced presence of aroma masking agents such as fatty acids and higher alcohols. Is noted the preservation of the fruit intensity of the wines over time. 

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Aroma production in Syrah (IFV, Languedoc, France, 2019) with and without Natuferm Fruity (40 g/hL).
PDMS (dimethyl sulphide potential) percentage in Syrah (IFV, Languedoc, France, 2019) with and without Natuferm Fruity (40 g/hL) analysis 1 month after bottling.

How can you enhance the complexity and maturity of wines?

We have developed Natuferm Intense because we received demands for a biobased nutrient able to help create complexity and mature aromas in wines, whether red, white, or rosé.

Thus, Natuferm Intense was born, for which we specifically chose two yeast derivates: one inactivated yeast rich in magnesium and zinc, formulated with an autolysed yeast that provides amino acids that are precursors of aromas and vitamins.

With Natuferm Intense, the diversity of the enhanced aroma compounds contributes positively to the aroma profile and brings complexity to the wine. The levels of ethyl esters are higher, so aroma longevity increases.

Aroma composition and results of aroma modulation of two yeast strains in Muscat wine fermented with and without Natuferm Intense (Crea Asti, Italy, 2020). 
Pinot Noir 2021 (Bragato Research Institute, New Zealand). Organoleptic impact of Natuferm Intense added at 40 g/hL. Initial YAN in the must was 220 mg/L.

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