{"id":48865,"date":"2026-09-16T21:43:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T19:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/?page_id=48865"},"modified":"2026-10-12T17:05:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T15:05:41","slug":"fermentazione-malolattica-qa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/risorse-tecniche\/fermentazione-malolattica-qa\/","title":{"rendered":"Fermentazione malolattica: domande e risposte pratiche per i vinificatori"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This technical guide presents a few questions we have been asked about malolactic fermentation and the use of our Anchor and Maloferm bacteria.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Download this technical resource<\/strong> <strong>listing many questions you may have had with their detailed answers.<\/strong><em> <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-top is-not-stacked-on-mobile download-flags is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/oenobook-16-2026-onepage-bd-expertise-malolactic-fermentation-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/flag-united-states-english-american.png\" alt=\"flag-united-states-english-american\" class=\"wp-image-2510\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/oenobook-16-2026-onepage-bd-expertise-malolactic-fermentation-fr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/drapeau-francais-france.png\" alt=\"drapeau flag francais france\" class=\"wp-image-2508\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/oenobook-16-2026-onepage-bd-expertise-malolactic-fermentation-es.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bandiera-spagnola-spagna.png\" alt=\"drapeau flag bandiera spagnola spagna\" class=\"wp-image-2506\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile download-flags is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/oenobook-16-2026-onepage-bd-expertise-malolactic-fermentation-it.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bandiera-italiana-italy.png\" alt=\"drapeau flag bandiera italiana italy\" class=\"wp-image-2512\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/oenobrands-oenobook-2026-pt-freitas-expertise-malolactic-fermentation-page-bd.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Flag-drapeau-Portugal.png\" alt=\"Flag-drapeau-Portugal\" class=\"wp-image-7139\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/oenobook-16-2026-onepage-bd-expertise-malolactic-fermentation-all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Flagge-Deutschland.png\" alt=\"Flagge-Deutschland\" class=\"wp-image-3550\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:49%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHY PAY FOR BACTERIA IF MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION (MLF) HAPPENS SPONTANEOUSLY?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spontaneous MLF means losing control over timing, microbial population and fermentation outcome.<br\/>Without inoculation, the development of indigenous bacteria can lead to slow or unpredictable fermentations, with an increased risk of spoilage (by bacteria or by <em>Brettanomyces<\/em>).<br\/>In practice, this may result in deviations such as volatile acidity, mousy off-flavours or bitterness (e.g. acrolein), as well as textural defects linked to compounds like mannitol. It can also delay cellar operations and create<br\/>inconsistencies between batches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KEY MESSAGE: Inoculation with selected wine bacteria avoids contamination and\/or spoilage.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:2%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:49%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HOW TO AVOID SPONTANEOUS MLF IF YOU PREFER CONTROLLED FERMENTATION?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pH adjustment to pH 3.5 or lower (in combination with moderate SO\u2082: less than 50 ppm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co-inoculation with a robust <em>Oenococcus oeni<\/em> \/ <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/em> \/ blend of <em>O. oeni <\/em>and <em>L. plantarum<\/em> for the early dominance of a selected strain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inoculate at the recommended dosage of 1 g\/hL and avoid propagation to ensure the efficacy of the inoculated culture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KEY MESSAGE: Co-inoculation with selected commercial cultures ensures a controlled fermentation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHY SHOULD YOU CARE ABOUT USING SPECIFIC WINE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA (LAB)?<\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The selection and use of specific wine LAB serve two main purposes: it allows for a secure, complete and timely MLF, especially under difficult conditions, as well as being a biological tool, similar to the use of a selected yeast strain that can enhance a specific sensory profile of the final wine, be it increased complexity, aroma or varietal characters.<br\/>Different bacteria strains have different metabolic capabilities and can ferment under a range of pH, alcohol, sulphur concentrations and temperature conditions.<br\/>Propagating bacteria creates a dual risk: you reduce the selected bacteria population size, which makes the bacteria less efficient and increases the risk of delayed, sluggish or stuck malolactic fermentation. Similarly, the impact on the sensory profile is reduced\/diminished.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KEY MESSAGE: A selected commercial bacteria is a biological tool to ensure a successful fermentation and enhance the sensory profile of the wine.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:49%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO INOCULATE BACTERIA?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The decision on when to inoculate depends on both practical and wine style considerations. In general, coinoculation of yeast and bacteria (0-24 hours after yeast) can be a tool to facilitate MLF in more difficult wine conditions or cultivars and result in a more fruit-driven, fresher wine style (less diacetyl results in less masking of fruit aromas). Sequential inoculation allows for the<br\/>completion of AF, after which the bacteria are inoculated, with wine styles being more complex, buttery and structured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KEY MESSAGE: Decide on your final wine style and practical winemaking to select when to inoculate.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:2%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:49%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO ADD MY BACTERIA?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Liquid and frozen cultures can be more challenging in terms of transport, storage and shelf-life. Freeze-dried cultures offer greater stability and are easier to handle in the winery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They can be inoculated:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>directly from the sachet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>after rehydration (10 minutes in chlorine-free water, 1:20 ratio) to improve dispersion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KEY MESSAGE: Always follow supplier recommendations regarding usage instructions.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:49%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHAT ARE SOME OF THE MAIN FACTORS<br\/>INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF MLF?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the main juice\/wine parameters include the following (tolerance is strain-dependent):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pH: ideal &gt; 3.4 ; more difficult &lt; 3.1 ; pH levels &gt;3.7 increase the risk of spontaneous MLF and the presence of spoilage bacteria, e.g. <em>Pediococcus<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fermentation temperature: ideal 18-22 \u00b0C; more challenging &lt; 14 \u00b0C and &gt; 29 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alcohol: ideal &lt; 13%; more challenging &gt;15%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sulphur: ideal conditions are free SO\u2082 &lt; 5 ppm and total SO\u2082 &lt; 30 ppm; MLF becomes more challenging above 12 ppm free and 50\u201360 ppm total. The molecular SO\u2082 fraction increases at lower pH and higher temperature and\/or alcohol, with lethal levels around 0.3\u20130.5 mg\/L.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malic acid concentration: ideal 2-4 g\/L; more challenging &lt; 1 g\/L and &gt; 5 g\/L.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yeast selection &amp; fermentation quality: A malolactic-friendly yeast with low to moderate nitrogen requirements supports a smooth alcoholic fermentation. This reduces risks for malolactic fermentation, influenced by the yeast through malic acid consumption, nutrient modification, and production of ethanol, sulphur, and inhibitory peptides or fatty acids.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bacterial nutrition: nutrient deficiencies can limit malic acid consumption; targeted solutions such as <strong>Maxaferm ML Force<\/strong> support bacterial activity and improve MLF reliability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KEY MESSAGE: Measure your juice\/wine parameters and ensure a successful alcoholic fermentation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:2%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:49%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CAN THE LAB SELECTION INFLUENCE THE AROMA \/ FLAVOUR OF THE FINISHED<br\/>WINE?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Findings have shown that the genetic diversity within wine LAB is very rich and that it can have implications for the sensory profile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Decreased acidity\/increased softness due to malic acid degradation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An increase\/decrease in buttery\/creamy notes linked to the bacteria citric acid metabolism and timing of inoculation (less diacetyl production during coinoculation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Decrease in green or vegetative aromas by metabolising aldehydes, leading to a more refined sensory profile.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increased fruity, floral or spicy aromas based on bacteria-specific esterase and\/or glycosidase activity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During ageing, enhanced oak aromas due to glycosidase activity and interaction with oak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The production of other compounds (polysaccharides, etc.) that can influence the astringency, volume and mouthfeel perception.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KEY MESSAGE: The selection of specific LAB strains can be a tool to tailor wine flavour, aroma, and ageing potential.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHAT TO DO IN THE CASE OF A SLOW OR<br\/>STUCK MLF?<\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A stuck malolactic fermentation is difficult to resolve, disrupts cellar operations and delays downstream processing. Several factors may be involved, including inhibitory residues (e.g. pesticides, chitosan, lysozyme), unsuitable bacteria use or timing of inoculation.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:32%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first step is to evaluate the main wine conditions and their possible solutions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If the alcohol level is higher than the tolerance of the bacteria, a restart may be necessary (using a strain with a higher alcohol tolerance).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Low temperature is the most common reason for slow and stuck MLF. Cellar temperatures are often significantly lower than the optimal range for bacteria. Try warming the tank or barrels to 18-22 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the wine pH is lower than the tolerance of the bacteria, a restart will be necessary using a pH-compatible strain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Even if little or no SO\u2082 has been added, it may still be present during MLF. SO\u2082 can come from several sources, including yeast, old barrels, and\/or erroneous cellar additions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lactic acid &gt; 1.5 g\/L can slow MLF and levels &gt; 3 g\/L can inhibit MLF. If initial malic acid &gt; 7.0 g\/L, an inhibitory amount of lactic acid may be produced from the malolactic conversion and a complete MLF may not be possible without blending or other corrective actions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:2%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:32%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the delayed MLF is not linked to one of the conditions mentioned before, consider the following corrective actions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Try stirring tanks or barrels more frequently to keep bacteria in suspension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If nutrients are deficient, bacteria may not consume malic acid. Malolactic nutrients (e.g. <strong>Maxaferm ML Force<\/strong>) can compensate for deficiencies and support MLF completion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sometimes toxins can be present that inhibit MLF. Extraferm\u00ae D\u2019tox, a yeast cell wall for treating stuck fermentations, can be extremely beneficial for detoxification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The start of MLF requires at least 10<sup>6<\/sup> cells\/mL. If you did not inoculate, the indigenous bacteria population may not reach this required biomass, and you may need to inoculate with a commercial bacteria strain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under certain conditions, MLF may take weeks to months to complete. Measure the malic acid, which should be below 0.3 g\/L for a complete fermentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:2%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:32%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If all the mentioned factors have been evaluated, measured and\/or adjusted for and the fermentation is still stuck, the next step is to inoculate\/restart the fermentation. This step requires three solutions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The use of specific yeast cell walls. <strong>Extraferm<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> D\u2019tox<\/strong> will help to detoxify the wine by trapping the main inhibitors, mainly pesticide residues and medium-chain unsaturated fatty acids. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inoculation with a robust <em>O. oeni <\/em>bacteria. Addition of a robust bacteria like <strong>Anchor<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Solo Select or Maloferm<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Plus <\/strong>at a 2 &#8211; 2.5 g\/hL dosage is recommended.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Addition of bacteria nutrient. <strong>Maxaferm<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> ML Force <\/strong>is rich in bioavailable peptides, minerals, and vitamins and also contains yeast cell walls, which adsorb fatty acids that inhibit bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KEY MESSAGE: Investigate the potential cause(s), measure and make adjustments before restarting the fermentation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related technical resources<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/solution\/fermentazione-malolattica-pratica\/\">MLF in practice<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/solution\/fermentazione-malolattica-sequenziale\/\">Sequential MLF<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/solution\/co-inoculazione\/\">MLF in coinoculation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/solution\/composti-aromatici-positivi\/\">aroma<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/solution\/sensazione-in-bocca-vino\/\">mouthfeel<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/oenobook-2\/\">Oenobook 16<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This technical guide presents a few questions we have been asked about malolactic fermentation and the use of our Anchor and Maloferm bacteria. Download this technical resource listing many questions you may have had with their detailed answers. WHY PAY FOR BACTERIA IF MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION (MLF) HAPPENS SPONTANEOUSLY? Spontaneous MLF means losing control over timing, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":20769,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"Fermentazione malolattica: FAQ | Oenobrands","_seopress_titles_desc":"Risposte pratiche sulla fermentazione malolattica con batteri Anchor e Maloferm: tempi di inoculo, fattori di successo, impatto aromatico e FML bloccata.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"wpai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-48865","page","type-page","status-publish"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/48865\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oenobrands.com\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}